三倍体雌核发育鱼类克隆（食蚊鱼属：花鳉科）的起源模式和基因型多样性来源
Mode of origin and sources of genotypic diversity in triploid gynogenetic fish clones (Poeciliopsis: Poeciliidae).
作者信息
Quattro J M, Avise J C, Vrijenhoek R C
机构信息
Center for Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903-0231.
出版信息
Genetics. 1992 Mar;130(3):621-8. doi: 10.1093/genetics/130.3.621.
Most tributaries of the Río Fuerte in northwestern Mexico contain one or more clones of allotriploid fish of the genus Poeciliopsis. We used multilocus allozyme genotypes and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes to examine several potential modes of origin of these gynogenetic all-female fish. The allozyme studies corroborated earlier morphological work revealing the hybrid constitution of two triploid biotypes, Poeciliopsis 2 monacha-lucida and Poeciliopsis monacha-2 lucida. Each biotype carries one or two whole genomes from the each of the sexual species P. monacha and P. lucida. Restriction site analysis of mtDNA revealed that P. monacha was the maternal ancestor of five electrophoretically distinguishable triploid clones. Four of five clones were marked by closely related, composite, allozyme/mtDNA genotypes, suggesting they had common origins from an allodiploid clone of the P. monacha-lucida biotype. Genotypic analysis revealed that all five clones arose via the "genome addition" pathway. Fertilization of unreduced ova in P. monacha-lucida females by sperm from P. monacha and P. lucida males, respectively, gave rise to both biotypes.
墨西哥西北部富埃特河的大多数支流中都有食蚊鱼属的一种或多种异源三倍体鱼类克隆体。我们使用多位点等位酶基因型和线粒体DNA（mtDNA）单倍型来研究这些雌核发育的全雌鱼的几种潜在起源模式。等位酶研究证实了早期的形态学研究结果，揭示了两种三倍体生物型——蒙氏食蚊鱼-光亮食蚊鱼杂交体和蒙氏食蚊鱼-双光亮食蚊鱼杂交体的杂交组成。每种生物型都携带来自有性物种蒙氏食蚊鱼和光亮食蚊鱼各自的一个或两个完整基因组。mtDNA的限制性酶切位点分析表明，蒙氏食蚊鱼是五个电泳可区分的三倍体克隆体的母本祖先。五个克隆体中的四个具有密切相关的复合等位酶/mtDNA基因型，这表明它们起源于蒙氏食蚊鱼-光亮食蚊鱼生物型的异源二倍体克隆体。基因型分析表明，所有五个克隆体都是通过“基因组添加”途径产生的。蒙氏食蚊鱼-光亮食蚊鱼雌鱼的未减数卵子分别与蒙氏食蚊鱼和光亮食蚊鱼雄鱼的精子受精，产生了这两种生物型。
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