Cuellar O
Science. 1977 Aug 26;197(4306):837-43. doi: 10.1126/science.887925.
The available evidence on the ecological factors favoring the existence and origin of natural parthenogenesis is evaluated. Analysis of the geographical distributions of the well-known cases of animal parthenogenesis in nature reveals (i) that most of these species exist in natural disclimax communities and (ii) that within these communities they exist in isolation from closely related congeneric species. Parthenogenesis can only evolve in areas devoid of the generating bisexual species, because such species would prevent newly formed unisexuals from establishing clones due either to hybridization or competition. Furthermore, the two unique features allowing parthenogenetic species to invade and occupy open habitats faster than bisexuals are (i) a double intrinsic rate of increase and (ii) the ability of one individual to establish a new colony.
对有利于自然孤雌生殖存在和起源的生态因素的现有证据进行了评估。对自然界中动物孤雌生殖著名案例的地理分布分析表明：（i）这些物种大多存在于自然的亚顶级群落中；（ii）在这些群落中，它们与近缘同属物种隔离存在。孤雌生殖只能在没有产生两性生殖物种的区域进化，因为这类物种会因杂交或竞争而阻止新形成的单性生殖个体建立克隆群体。此外，使孤雌生殖物种比两性生殖物种更快地侵入并占据开放栖息地的两个独特特征是：（i）双重内在增长率；（ii）单个个体建立新群体的能力。
