Goldstein M, Deutch A Y
Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016.
FASEB J. 1992 Apr;6(7):2413-21.
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia has been the dominant theoretical construction guiding research and treatment of the schizophrenic disorders over the past generation. This hypothesis, in its simplest guise, posits the presence of a functional alteration in central dopaminergic systems in the brains of schizophrenic patients. Recent findings have resulted in a greater understanding of the complexity of the central dopaminergic systems and have led to revisions of the hypothesis of a simple functional hyperactivity of central dopaminergic systems. These recent data suggest that there may be regionally restricted changes in the function of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system, and that these changes may be in opposite directions. Such changes may be associated with dysfunctions of interactions between distinct dopaminergic terminal field regions, and may be subserved by functional derangements in other transmitter systems or reflect regionally restricted changes in expression or function of distinct dopamine receptors or catecholamine synthetic enzymes. A recent FASEB symposium reviewed new advances in molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, anatomy, and systems neuroscience as they relate to schizophrenia, and discussed the implications of these data for guiding future research and treatment strategies.
在过去一代人的时间里，精神分裂症的多巴胺假说一直是指导精神分裂症研究与治疗的主导理论架构。该假说以其最简化的形式，假定精神分裂症患者大脑中的中枢多巴胺能系统存在功能改变。最近的研究结果使人们对中枢多巴胺能系统的复杂性有了更深入的了解，并促使对中枢多巴胺能系统单纯功能亢进假说进行修正。这些最新数据表明，中脑边缘多巴胺系统的功能可能存在局部受限的变化，而且这些变化可能方向相反。此类变化可能与不同多巴胺能终末场区域之间相互作用的功能障碍有关，可能由其他递质系统的功能紊乱所支持，或者反映出不同多巴胺受体或儿茶酚胺合成酶的表达或功能存在局部受限的变化。最近，美国实验生物联合会（FASEB）举办了一次研讨会，回顾了分子生物学、生物化学、药理学、解剖学和系统神经科学领域与精神分裂症相关的新进展，并讨论了这些数据对指导未来研究和治疗策略的意义。
