Mulder R
University Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;26(3):364-76. doi: 10.3109/00048679209072059.
Historically, models of personality have generally postulated, or assumed, a link with biology. This century has witnessed a major revision of these ideas with both behavioural and psychoanalytic theorists emphasising life experiences as being largely responsible for behaviour as adults. Challenges to this assumption of the overwhelming importance of life experiences are reviewed. An extensive body of data now exists suggesting that biology contributes significantly to individual variability. This biological contribution occurs at a relatively low level in the central nervous system, best defined as temperament. Further research has suffered from the lack of a cohesive psychobiological model. Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality is presented as a model which attempts to bridge the gap between theoretical temperamental traits, neurotransmitter function and clinical psychiatry. It is to be hoped that new theoretical models will be formulated which will focus on the importance of temperamental variables in psychiatric disorders.
从历史上看，人格模型通常假定或假设与生物学存在联系。在本世纪，这些观念经历了重大修正，行为主义和精神分析理论家都强调生活经历在很大程度上决定了成年人的行为。本文回顾了对生活经历具有压倒性重要性这一假设的挑战。现在有大量数据表明，生物学对个体差异有重大贡献。这种生物学贡献发生在中枢神经系统的相对较低水平，最好定义为气质。进一步的研究因缺乏一个连贯的心理生物学模型而受阻。克隆宁格的人格三维理论被作为一个模型提出，该模型试图弥合理论气质特质、神经递质功能和临床精神病学之间的差距。希望能制定出新的理论模型，关注气质变量在精神疾病中的重要性。
