Skelton M E, Koester J
Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. 10032.
J Comp Physiol A. 1992 Sep;171(2):141-55. doi: 10.1007/BF00188923.
The morphology, innervation, and neural control of the anterior arterial system of Aplysia californica were investigated. Immunocytochemical and histochemical techniques generated positive reactions in the anterior arterial system for several neuroactive substances, including SCPB, FMRFamide, R15 alpha 1 peptide, dopamine and serotonin. Three neurons were found to innervate the rostral portions of the anterior arterial tree. One is the identified peptidergic neuron R15 in the abdominal ganglion, and the other two are a pair of previously unidentified neurons, one in each pedal ganglion, named pedal arterial shorteners (PAS). The endogeneously bursting neuron R15 was found to innervate the proximal anterior aorta. It also innervates a branch of the distal anterior aorta, the left pedal-parapodial artery. Activity in R15 causes constriction of the left pedal-parapodial artery. This effect is presumed to direct hemolymph towards the genital groove and penis on the right side in vivo. This vasoconstrictor action of R15 is mimicked by the R15 alpha 1 peptide. The PAS neuron pair causes longitudinal contraction of the rostral anterior aorta and the pedal-parapodial arteries. In vivo, the pair is active during behaviors involving head withdrawal and turning. By adjusting the length of the arteries during postural changes, the PAS neurons may prevent disturbances in blood flow due to bending or kinking of the arterial walls.
对加州海兔前动脉系统的形态、神经支配和神经控制进行了研究。免疫细胞化学和组织化学技术在前动脉系统中对几种神经活性物质产生了阳性反应，包括SCPB、FMRF酰胺、R15α1肽、多巴胺和5-羟色胺。发现有三个神经元支配前动脉树的头端部分。一个是腹神经节中已确定的肽能神经元R15，另外两个是一对先前未鉴定的神经元，每个足神经节中有一个，称为足动脉收缩神经元（PAS）。发现内源性爆发神经元R15支配近端前主动脉。它还支配远端前主动脉的一个分支，即左足-侧足动脉。R15的活动会导致左足-侧足动脉收缩。据推测，这种作用在体内可将血淋巴导向右侧的生殖沟和阴茎。R15α1肽可模拟R15的这种血管收缩作用。PAS神经元对会导致头端前主动脉和足-侧足动脉的纵向收缩。在体内，这一对神经元在涉及头部回缩和转身的行为中活跃。通过在姿势变化期间调节动脉长度，PAS神经元可能会防止由于动脉壁弯曲或扭结而导致的血流紊乱。
