Oka Y
Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Neurosci Lett. 1992 Aug 17;142(2):119-22. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90353-9.
Modulation of ionic channel properties by neurotransmitters and hormones is called neuromodulation and may be the basis for many long-lasting changes in animal behavior, e.g. changes in the arousal or motivational states. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), originally identified as a hypophysiotropic hormone, is now believed to act also as a neuromodulator. From studies of electrical activities and morphology of terminal nerve cells (major source of GnRH) of a fish brain, a general hypothesis regarding modulator neurons is proposed; modulator neurons have endogenous oscillatory activities which vary according to the animal's hormonal or environmental conditions. These modulator neurons, in turn, regulate neuronal excitabilities in a wide variety of brain regions simultaneously via multiple axonal branches.
神经递质和激素对离子通道特性的调节被称为神经调制，它可能是动物行为中许多长期变化的基础，例如觉醒或动机状态的变化。促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）最初被鉴定为一种促垂体激素，现在被认为也起着神经调制物的作用。通过对鱼脑终末神经细胞（GnRH的主要来源）的电活动和形态学研究，提出了一个关于调制神经元的一般假说；调制神经元具有内源性振荡活动，这种活动会根据动物的激素或环境条件而变化。这些调制神经元反过来通过多个轴突分支同时调节多种脑区的神经元兴奋性。
