Nieoullon A, Kerkerian-Le Goff L
Cellular and Functional Neurobiology Unit, CNRS, Marseille, France.
Mov Disord. 1992 Oct;7(4):311-25. doi: 10.1002/mds.870070404.
The neostriatum contains a wide variety of neuroactive substances associated with several well-defined functional neuronal systems. This structure, which is the seat of numerous neurological pathological disorders, is commonly used as a model for studying the basic mechanisms of neurotransmitter interactions in the brain and their putative involvement in striatal functions. Increasing interest has been focusing lately on the cellular interactions that may occur between the corticostriatal putatively glutamatergic system and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic input. Current evidence suggests that the activatory corticostriatal glutamatergic input may play a more crucial role in regulating striatal functions than was formerly assumed in comparison with the dopaminergic input. The key role of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum may therefore be attributable to the fact that they modulate the glutamatergic transmission to GABA striatal efferent neurons. Likewise, dopamine may actually act indirectly in the striatum by "tuning down" the cortical excitation of striatal neurons. Consequently, an impairment of the dopaminergic transmission such as that occurring in Parkinsonism may lead to an increase in the corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission, which may further contribute towards reinforcing the "imbalance" between subsets of striatal neuronal systems controlling the output of the basal ganglia.
新纹状体包含多种与几个明确的功能性神经元系统相关的神经活性物质。这个结构是众多神经病理学疾病的所在部位，通常被用作研究大脑中神经递质相互作用的基本机制及其在纹状体功能中假定作用的模型。最近，越来越多的关注集中在皮质纹状体假定的谷氨酸能系统与黑质纹状体多巴胺能输入之间可能发生的细胞相互作用上。目前的证据表明，与多巴胺能输入相比，激活的皮质纹状体谷氨酸能输入在调节纹状体功能中可能比以前认为的发挥更关键的作用。因此，纹状体内胆碱能中间神经元的关键作用可能归因于它们调节向GABA纹状体传出神经元的谷氨酸能传递这一事实。同样，多巴胺实际上可能通过“调低”纹状体神经元的皮质兴奋间接作用于纹状体。因此，多巴胺能传递受损，如帕金森病中发生的情况，可能导致皮质纹状体谷氨酸能传递增加，这可能进一步导致控制基底神经节输出的纹状体神经元系统亚群之间的“失衡”加剧。
