Concha M, Graham N M, Muñoz A, Vlahov D, Royal W, Updike M, Nance-Sproson T, Selnes O A, McArthur J C
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1338-48. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116446.
Limited data are available on cognitive performance in populations of intravenous drug users during the early, asymptomatic stages of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Between 1988 and 1990, 151 participants from the AIDS Link to Intravenous Experience (ALIVE) Study in Baltimore, Maryland, were evaluated neuropsychologically on a semiannual basis. This analysis focused on whether history of substance abuse influenced neuropsychological test performance. At baseline, 102 participants were HIV-1-seropositives who were free of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and 49 participants were seronegative. Multivariate analyses, adjusting for correlation of repeated outcome measures, were conducted to determine predictors of neuropsychological functioning. Effects of the frequency of reported past use of marijuana, heroin, cocaine, barbiturates, and alcohol were not statistically associated with performance on the tests. Age and education were the most important predictors of test performance, and a significant practice effect was observed for most measures. After adjustment for age, education, the practice effect, and frequency of drug use, neuropsychological performance over time did not vary by HIV-1 serostatus. Overall, after acutely intoxicated individuals were excluded, neither frequency of drug and alcohol use nor HIV-1 seropositivity significantly influenced neuropsychological test performance over a 1-year period.
关于1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染早期无症状阶段静脉吸毒人群认知功能的数据有限。1988年至1990年期间，对来自马里兰州巴尔的摩市“艾滋病与静脉吸毒经历联系研究”（ALIVE研究）的151名参与者进行了半年一次的神经心理学评估。该分析聚焦于药物滥用史是否会影响神经心理学测试表现。基线时，102名参与者为HIV-1血清阳性且未患获得性免疫缺陷综合征，49名参与者为血清阴性。进行了多变量分析，并对重复测量结果的相关性进行了校正，以确定神经心理功能的预测因素。报告的过去使用大麻、海洛因、可卡因、巴比妥类药物和酒精的频率对测试表现无统计学关联。年龄和教育程度是测试表现的最重要预测因素，并且大多数测量指标均观察到显著的练习效应。在对年龄、教育程度、练习效应和药物使用频率进行校正后，随着时间推移，神经心理表现并未因HIV-1血清状态而异。总体而言，排除急性中毒个体后，在1年期间，药物和酒精使用频率以及HIV-1血清阳性均未显著影响神经心理学测试表现。
