DALTON J C
J Gen Physiol. 1959 May 20;42(5):971-82. doi: 10.1085/jgp.42.5.971.
Transmembrane potentials in the crayfish giant axon have been investigated as a function of the concentration of normally occurring external cations. Results have been compared with data already available for the lobster and squid giant axons. The magnitude of the action potential was shown to be a linear function of the log of the external sodium concentration, as would be predicted for an ideal sodium electrode. The resting potential is an inverse function of the external potassium concentration, but behaves as an ideal potassium electrode only at the higher external concentrations of potassium. Decrease in external calcium results in a decrease in both resting potential and action potential; an increase in external calcium above normal has no effect on magnitude of transmembrane potentials. Magnesium can partially substitute for calcium in the maintenance of normal action potential magnitude, but appears to have very little effect on resting potential. All ionic effects studied are completely reversible. The results are in generally good agreement with data presently available for the lobster giant axon and for the squid giant axon.
对小龙虾巨轴突的跨膜电位进行了研究，该电位是正常存在的外部阳离子浓度的函数。已将结果与龙虾和鱿鱼巨轴突的现有数据进行了比较。动作电位的大小显示为外部钠浓度对数的线性函数，这正如理想钠电极所预测的那样。静息电位是外部钾浓度的反函数，但仅在较高的外部钾浓度下才表现为理想钾电极。外部钙浓度降低会导致静息电位和动作电位均降低；外部钙浓度高于正常水平对跨膜电位大小没有影响。镁在维持正常动作电位大小方面可以部分替代钙，但对静息电位似乎几乎没有影响。所研究的所有离子效应都是完全可逆的。结果与目前龙虾巨轴突和鱿鱼巨轴突的现有数据总体上吻合良好。
