Radiation-associated sarcoma of bone and soft tissue.

Radiation-associated sarcomas are uncommon, constituting less than 5% of all sarcomas, and generally associated with a poor prognosis. We reviewed the medical records of 565 patients with sarcoma and a second malignancy seen at our institution between 1943 and 1989; 160 of these patients (28%) were considered to have a radiation-associated sarcoma. The most common diagnosis for which radiation had been given was breast cancer (26%), followed by lymphoma (25%) and carcinoma of the cervix (14%). The most common histologic types of radiation-associated sarcoma were osteogenic (21%), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (16%), and angiosarcoma/lymphangiosarcoma (15%). Most of the tumors were high grade (87%). Three variables had prognostic significance in multivariate analysis: the presence of metastatic disease, the completeness of operative resection in patients with localized disease, and the size of the primary tumor in patients who underwent complete resection of the sarcoma. Survival was independent of histologic subtype or site of disease.