Sutherland J B
Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079.
J Ind Microbiol. 1992 Jan;9(1):53-61. doi: 10.1007/BF01576368.
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of hazardous environmental pollutants, many of which are acutely toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. A diverse group of fungi, including Aspergillus ochraceus, Cunninghamella elegans, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Syncephalastrum racemosum, have the ability to oxidize PAHs. The PAHs anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, as well as several methyl-, nitro-, and fluoro-substituted PAHs, are metabolized by one or more of these fungi. Unsubstituted PAHs are oxidized initially to arene oxides, trans-dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and tetralones. Phenols and trans-dihydrodiols may be further metabolized, and thus detoxified, by conjugation with sulfate, glucuronic acid, glucose, or xylose. Although dihydrodiol epoxides and other mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds have been detected as minor fungal metabolites of a few PAHs, most transformations performed by fungi reduce the mutagenicity and thus detoxify the PAHs.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类有害的环境污染物，其中许多具有急性毒性、致突变性或致癌性。包括赭曲霉、秀丽小克银汉霉、黄孢原毛平革菌、酿酒酵母和总状共头霉在内的多种真菌具有氧化多环芳烃的能力。蒽、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘、荧蒽、芴、萘、菲和芘等多环芳烃，以及几种甲基、硝基和氟取代的多环芳烃，可被这些真菌中的一种或多种代谢。未取代的多环芳烃最初被氧化为芳烃氧化物、反式二氢二醇、酚类、醌类和四氢萘酮。酚类和反式二氢二醇可通过与硫酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖或木糖结合进一步代谢，从而解毒。尽管二氢二醇环氧化物和其他致突变和致癌化合物已被检测为少数多环芳烃的次要真菌代谢产物，但真菌进行的大多数转化都会降低多环芳烃的致突变性，从而使其解毒。
