Effects of past noninjection drug abuse upon executive function and working memory in HIV infection.

Interactive effects of past noninjection drug abuse/dependence and HIV disease status upon measures of executive function were assessed in a group of 294 homosexual men. Participants were stratified according to HIV status and substance use diagnoses, thereby yielding a 4 (seronegative, asymptomatic seropositive, symptomatic seropositive, and AIDS defining illness) x 2 (never abused drugs, previous substance use disorder) design. Significant main effects of HIV status were found on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Ruff Figural Fluency Test, Trail Making Test B, and total number of impaired performances. Analyses revealed that men with AIDS defining illness performed worse than the other three groups. Drug use history had no significant effect upon neurobehavioral function, and effect sizes for drug abuse history were small. The data suggest that prior drug use yields little if any residual cognitive impairment in HIV infection.