Jimenez-Arellanes Adelina, Meckes Mariana, Ramirez Raquel, Torres Javier, Luna-Herrera Julieta
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología de Productos Naturales, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, México.
Phytother Res. 2003 Sep;17(8):903-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.1377.
The increase of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) demands the search for alternative antimycobacterial drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate plants used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases for activity against MDR-TB. A group of 22 plants was screened for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium avium at concentrations from 50 to 200 microg/mL. The antimycobacterial effect was determined by a microcolorimetric assay with Alamar blue dye. None of the aqueous extracts had antimycobacterial activity. Hexane extracts from Artemisia ludoviciana, Chamaedora tepejilote, Lantana hispida, Juniperus communis and Malva parviflora, and methanol extracts from Artemisia ludoviciana and Juniperus communis inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium avium was inhibited by Juniperus communis hexane extract and by Malva parviflora methanol extract. The active extracts were tested against monoresistant variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin and ethambutol resistant) and the hexane extract of Lantana hispida showed the best activity. Lantana hispida hexane extract was also active against a group of MDR-TB clinical isolates. In contrast, it did not inhibit the growth of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. The hexane extract of Lantana hispida was fractionated by column chromatography and one of its fractions (FVI) inhibited the growth of all the MDR-TB clinical isolates at concentrations up to 25 microg/mL. This study supports the fact that selecting plants by ethnobotanical criteria enhances the probability of finding species with activity against mycobacteria, and our results point to Lantana hispida as an important source of potential compounds against MDR-TB.
多重耐药结核分枝杆菌（MDR-TB）的增加促使人们寻找替代性抗分枝杆菌药物。本研究的目的是评估墨西哥传统医学中用于治疗呼吸道疾病的植物对MDR-TB的活性。对一组22种植物进行了筛选，检测其在50至200微克/毫升浓度下对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv和鸟分枝杆菌的活性。通过使用阿拉玛蓝染料的微量比色法测定抗分枝杆菌效果。所有水提取物均无抗分枝杆菌活性。卢德维希蒿、墨西哥棕竹、糙叶马缨丹、杜松和小花锦葵的己烷提取物，以及卢德维希蒿和杜松的甲醇提取物抑制了结核分枝杆菌的生长。杜松己烷提取物和小花锦葵甲醇提取物抑制了鸟分枝杆菌的生长。对活性提取物针对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv的单耐药变体（对异烟肼、利福平、链霉素和乙胺丁醇耐药）进行了测试，糙叶马缨丹的己烷提取物显示出最佳活性。糙叶马缨丹己烷提取物对一组MDR-TB临床分离株也有活性。相比之下，它不抑制非结核分枝杆菌的生长。通过柱色谱法对糙叶马缨丹的己烷提取物进行了分离，其一个馏分（FVI）在浓度高达25微克/毫升时抑制了所有MDR-TB临床分离株的生长。本研究支持这样一个事实，即根据民族植物学标准选择植物可提高找到具有抗分枝杆菌活性物种的概率，我们的结果表明糙叶马缨丹是对抗MDR-TB潜在化合物的重要来源。
