Schweizer D
Chromosoma. 1976 Nov 29;58(4):307-24. doi: 10.1007/BF00292840.
Two DNA binding guanine-specific antibiotics, chromomycin A3 (CMA) and the closely related mithramycin (MM), were used as chromosome fluorescent dyes. Root-tip metaphase chromosomes of three plant species and human metaphase chromosomes were sequentially stained with CMA or MM and the DNA binding AT-specific fluorochrome 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). In some cases a non-fluorescent counterstain was used as contrasting agent: methyl green in conjunction with CMA, and actinomycin D (AMD) in combination with DAPI.--In all three plant species, Vicia faba, Scilla siberica, and Ornithogalum caudatum, the nucleolus organiser regions and/or associated heterochromatin displayed very bright fluorescence with CMA and MM and, in general, heterochromatic segments (C-bands) which were bright with CMA and MM were pale with DAPI whereas segments which were dim with CMA and MM displayed very bright fluorescence with DAPI.--Human metaphase chromosomes showed a small longitudinal differentiation in CMA fluorescence, which was essentially the reverse of the banding pattern obtained with AMD/DAPI double-staining, but of lower contrast. The cma-banding pattern appears to be similar to the pattern found by R-banding procedures.
两种与DNA结合的鸟嘌呤特异性抗生素，放线菌素A3（CMA）和密切相关的光神霉素（MM），被用作染色体荧光染料。三种植物物种的根尖中期染色体和人类中期染色体先用CMA或MM进行染色，然后再用与DNA结合的富含AT的荧光染料4'-6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）进行染色。在某些情况下，使用非荧光复染剂作为对比剂：甲基绿与CMA联合使用，放线菌素D（AMD）与DAPI联合使用。——在蚕豆、西伯利亚绵枣儿和虎眼万年青这三种植物物种中，核仁组织区和/或相关异染色质在用CMA和MM染色时显示出非常明亮的荧光，并且一般来说，在用CMA和MM染色时呈明亮的异染色质区段（C带）在用DAPI染色时颜色较浅，而在用CMA和MM染色时呈暗淡的区段在用DAPI染色时显示出非常明亮的荧光。——人类中期染色体在CMA荧光下显示出微小的纵向分化，这与用AMD/DAPI双重染色获得的带型基本相反，但对比度较低。CMA带型似乎与用R带技术发现的带型相似。
