Straub R, Hole G, Wolfersdorf M
Abteilung Psychiatrie I der Universität Ulm.
Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr (1985). 1992;143(1):41-59.
Research about the dominating hypoactivity in electrodermal system in affective disorders led to the assumption that electrodermal activity (EDA) could be an important biopsychological trait in the etiology of depression. However, experimental results are contradictory. Some studies find nosological validity, other studies an influence of psychomotor status on EDA or correlations to clinical improvement, etc. Most of these results are based on laboratory conditions (habituation experiment with tones). The person-situation-environment interaction and their dynamic process regulation on electrodermal activity are neglected. Also lacking is a comparable description of nosology, psychomotor status and experimental design. After discussing the neuropsychological background of the habituation paradigm which led to the "traditional" assumptions of the correlation between electrodermal activity and depression, results of different samples are shown tested over years using always the same classification and experimental methods. None of our assumptions could be verified. Although low levels in SCL dominate, we could not find results of high sensitivity and specificity in contrast to controls. However we found differences in other, more complex experiments containing personality traits and reactions to emotional words. In a multi-level process-oriented stress paradigm of the success/failure type we found a delay in regeneration of psychological and electrodermal measures after failure. This results demonstrate that investigation in electrodermal activity needs more complex and process-oriented experimental designs. EDA probably has not the quality of a biological marker, but seen in the context of person and situation factors it differentiates depressed states.
关于情感障碍中皮肤电系统主导性活动减退的研究，引发了这样一种假设，即皮肤电活动（EDA）可能是抑郁症病因学中一个重要的生物心理特征。然而，实验结果相互矛盾。一些研究发现其具有疾病分类学效度，另一些研究则发现精神运动状态对EDA有影响，或者与临床改善存在相关性等。这些结果大多基于实验室条件（音调习惯化实验）。皮肤电活动中的人-情境-环境相互作用及其动态过程调节被忽视了。同样缺乏的是对疾病分类学、精神运动状态和实验设计的可比描述。在讨论了导致皮肤电活动与抑郁症之间相关性的“传统”假设的习惯化范式的神经心理学背景之后，展示了多年来使用相同分类和实验方法对不同样本进行测试的结果。我们的假设均未得到证实。尽管皮肤电传导水平较低占主导，但与对照组相比，我们并未发现高敏感性和特异性的结果。然而，在包含人格特质和对情感词汇反应在内的其他更复杂实验中，我们发现了差异。在成功/失败类型的多层次过程导向应激范式中，我们发现失败后心理和皮肤电测量指标的恢复存在延迟。这些结果表明，对皮肤电活动的研究需要更复杂且以过程为导向的实验设计。EDA可能不具备生物标志物的特性，但在个体和情境因素的背景下，它能够区分抑郁状态。
