Meiniel R
Arch Anat Microsc Morphol Exp. 1976;65(1):1-6.
When Quail embryos, injected with bidrin at the unincubated stage, are treated with nicotinamide, beak and leg abnormalities are prevented, but niacin has no beneficial effect on the axial deformities caused by both parathion and bidrin. In contrast, vertebral defects are greatly reduced by giving pralidoxim, an antidote known and used in organophosphorus intoxications. But this compound has no effect on beak and leg damage caused by bidrin. Two other cholinesterase reactivators, diacetylmonoxime and monoisonitrosoacetone have any effect on organophosphorus abnormalities and have no antiteratogenic action either on the beak and legs or on the vertebral column. From these observations the multiple causes of teratogenic effects induced by organophosphorus compounds are evident. Both aspects of teratogenesis, one related to the nicotinamide level, and the other related to the physiology of the cholinergic system are discussed.
将未孵化阶段的鹌鹑胚胎注射谷硫磷后，用烟酰胺处理，可预防喙和腿部畸形，但烟酸对由对硫磷和谷硫磷引起的轴向畸形没有有益作用。相比之下，给予解磷定（一种已知并用于有机磷中毒的解毒剂）可大大减少脊柱缺陷。但这种化合物对谷硫磷引起的喙和腿部损伤没有作用。另外两种胆碱酯酶复活剂，双乙酰单肟和单异亚硝基丙酮对有机磷异常没有任何作用，对喙、腿部或脊柱也没有抗致畸作用。从这些观察结果可以明显看出有机磷化合物诱导致畸作用的多种原因。本文讨论了致畸作用的两个方面，一个与烟酰胺水平有关，另一个与胆碱能系统的生理功能有关。
