Schmid A, Schmid H
Tierärztlichen Fakultät, Universität München, Itingen, Basel.
Tierarztl Prax. 1992 Jun;20(3):321-5.
Beginning with the simultaneous occurrence of the first extensive sowing of 00-rape and local increased losses among hares and roe deer in Western Germany and Austria at the end of 1986, the clinical and morphological symptoms of rape poisoning are discussed. They consist of damage to endo- and epithelium, cell membranes, blood, liver and in the so called "rape-blindness". Subsequently, the most important toxic agents of rape including their metabolites are presented. They consist in alkenyl- and indolyl-glucosinolates, leading to isothiocyanates (mustard oils), thiocyanates or thiocyanate ions resp., nitriles and antithyroid agents (e.g. goitrin) as well as S-methylcysteine sulphoxide and its metabolites, particularly dimethyl disulphide. Finally, the activity spectrum of the toxic agents or the metabolites and the clinical picture of the affected wildlife in 1986 are compared with the result that the losses of that period are most likely to be traced back to rape poisoning and that the rape-blindness mentioned is to be interpreted as a thiocyanate-psychosis.
从1986年底德国西部和奥地利首次大面积播种00-油菜与当地野兔和狍子损失增加同时出现开始，本文讨论了油菜中毒的临床和形态学症状。这些症状包括对内、外上皮、细胞膜、血液、肝脏的损害以及所谓的“油菜致盲”。随后，介绍了油菜中最重要的有毒物质及其代谢产物。它们包括烯基和吲哚基硫代葡萄糖苷，分别生成异硫氰酸酯（芥子油）、硫氰酸酯或硫氰酸根离子、腈类和抗甲状腺物质（如甲状腺肿素），以及S-甲基半胱氨酸亚砜及其代谢产物，特别是二甲基二硫醚。最后，将这些有毒物质或其代谢产物的活性谱与1986年受影响野生动物的临床表现进行了比较，结果表明该时期的损失很可能归因于油菜中毒，且上述油菜致盲应被解释为硫氰酸盐精神病。
