Patton G C
Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
Ann Med. 1992 Aug;24(4):281-5. doi: 10.3109/07853899209149955.
Concepts of eating disorders have altered so that anorexia nervosa is now recognized as an important but uncommon syndrome within a spectrum of disordered eating. Behaviours used by dieters constitute the mild end of the eating disorder spectrum. Dieting in young women is for the most part a transient and benign activity without longer-term consequences. However, a group of dieters do progress to develop the symptoms and behaviour of eating disorders, so that dieting has been associated with an eight-fold rise in the risk of later eating disorder. Dieting or factors closely associated may account for most eating disorders in young women. Many antecedents of eating disorder appear to operate through increasing the risk of dieting rather than determining eating disorders specifically. Only the development of further neurotic and depressive symptoms characterizes dieters progressing to eating disorders. As the evidence implicating dieting in the origin of eating disorders becomes stronger so strategies for primary prevention become clearer.
饮食失调的概念已经发生了变化，以至于神经性厌食症现在被认为是饮食失调谱系中一种重要但不常见的综合征。节食者所采用的行为构成了饮食失调谱系的轻度一端。年轻女性节食在很大程度上是一种短暂且无害的活动，不会产生长期后果。然而，有一群节食者确实会逐渐发展出饮食失调的症状和行为，因此节食与日后患饮食失调症的风险增加了八倍有关。节食或与之密切相关的因素可能是年轻女性中大多数饮食失调的原因。许多饮食失调的先行因素似乎是通过增加节食的风险起作用，而不是专门决定饮食失调。只有进一步出现神经症和抑郁症状才是节食者发展为饮食失调的特征。随着将节食与饮食失调起源联系起来的证据变得更强，初级预防策略也变得更加清晰。
