Włodarczyk-Bisaga K, Dolan B
Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
Psychol Med. 1996 Sep;26(5):1021-32. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700035340.
In this longitudinal two-stage screening study of abnormal eating attitudes and behaviours in Polish schoolgirls self-report questionnaires (EAT-26) were completed by 747 schoolgirls aged between 14 and 16 years. On the basis of their EAT-26 scores 167 girls were selected for a clinical interview conducted blind to questionnaire scores. No clinical cases of DSM-III-R anorexia or bulimia nervosa were identified, however, there was a point prevalence of 2.34% for subclinical eating disorder and of 28.6% for dieting. Natural history was investigated, repeating the screening and interviews after 10 months. Both the group mean EAT-26 score and the proportion of subclinical cases remained the same at follow-up however, individual girls showed substantial fluctuations over time. On re-screening 11.5% of the sample had moved EAT category (based on scoring below or above the clinical cut-off point). Follow-up interviews showed that 58% (7) of the original subclinical cases were no longer cases while seven girls were "new' subclinical cases. This second stage of the study also aimed to investigate the risk factors for the development of eating disorders. Several family factors distinguished the dieters from non-dieters at the initial stage. Subjects who began dieting between the initial and follow-up interviews had higher Body Mass Index, felt more overweight and had greater discrepancy between their current and ideal weights than the non-dieters. However, analysis of regression revealed no specific risk factors for development of a subclinical syndrome.
在这项针对波兰女学生异常饮食态度和行为的纵向两阶段筛查研究中，747名年龄在14至16岁之间的女学生完成了自我报告问卷（EAT - 26）。根据她们的EAT - 26得分，挑选出167名女孩进行临床访谈，访谈过程中对问卷得分保密。未发现符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM - III - R）中神经性厌食症或神经性贪食症的临床病例，然而，亚临床饮食失调的点患病率为2.34%，节食的点患病率为28.6%。对自然病程进行了调查，在10个月后重复进行筛查和访谈。随访时，EAT - 26得分的组均值以及亚临床病例的比例均保持不变，不过，个体女孩随时间出现了大幅波动。再次筛查时，11.5%的样本改变了EAT类别（基于得分低于或高于临床临界点）。随访访谈显示，最初的亚临床病例中有58%（7例）不再属于此类病例，同时有7名女孩成为“新的”亚临床病例。该研究的第二阶段还旨在调查饮食失调发展的风险因素。在初始阶段，几个家庭因素区分了节食者和非节食者。在初始访谈和随访访谈之间开始节食的受试者比非节食者有更高的体重指数，感觉更超重，并且当前体重与理想体重之间的差异更大。然而，回归分析未发现亚临床综合征发展的特定风险因素。
