Trimarchi F
Clinica Oculistica I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico S. Matteo, Università di Pavia, Italy.
Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg. 1992 Oct;5(5):740-3.
The anatomy, neurophysiology, semiology, and pathology of the pupillary reflexes are reviewed. Recent advances in the demonstration of midbrain pathways projecting to and from the Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus are discussed. Observations of the pupillary diameter and reflexes in premature infants can be helpful in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) without visual disturbances can be suggestive of midbrain lesions. Automated pupil perimetry is proposed as an objective method for the evaluation of the visual field. Tonic pupil, the pupil in diabetics, and blue-cone monochromatism are also discussed.
本文综述了瞳孔反射的解剖学、神经生理学、症状学和病理学。讨论了中脑与动眼神经副核（EW）之间投射通路的最新研究进展。观察早产儿的瞳孔直径和反射有助于神经系统疾病的诊断。无视觉障碍的相对性传入性瞳孔障碍（RAPD）可能提示中脑病变。本文提出自动瞳孔视野计作为评估视野的一种客观方法。还讨论了强直性瞳孔、糖尿病患者的瞳孔以及蓝锥单色视。
