Forssberg H, Kinoshita H, Eliasson A C, Johansson R S, Westling G, Gordon A M
Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Exp Brain Res. 1992;90(2):393-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00227253.
The development of anticipatory control during lifts with the precision grip was examined in 100 children aged 1 to 15 years and in 15 adults. The children were instructed to lift an instrumented test object by using the precision grip between the thumb and index finger. The employed grip force, load force (vertical lifting force), vertical position and their corresponding time derivatives (i.e., grip and load force rates and acceleration) were recorded. The weight of the object was varied between trials to access the influence of the object's weight in the previous trial on the isometric force output. Already by the second year, children began to use information pertaining to the object's weight in the previous lift, i.e., they began to use an anticipatory control strategy. This occurred concomitant to the development of mainly bell shaped force rate profiles (Forssberg et al. 1991). The succeeding development of a more mature anticipatory control was gradual and adult-like capacity was not reached until 8-11 years of age.
研究人员对100名1至15岁的儿童和15名成年人在使用精确抓握进行提举时预期控制的发展情况进行了研究。研究人员指示儿童用拇指和食指之间的精确抓握方式提起一个装有仪器的测试物体。记录所使用的握力、负载力（垂直提举力）、垂直位置及其相应的时间导数（即握力和负载力速率以及加速度）。在不同试验中改变物体的重量，以探究前一次试验中物体重量对静力输出的影响。到第二年时，儿童就开始利用前一次提举时与物体重量有关的信息，也就是说，他们开始采用预期控制策略。这一情况与主要呈钟形的力速率曲线的发展同时出现（福斯贝里等人，1991年）。更成熟的预期控制的后续发展是渐进的，直到8至11岁才达到类似成年人的能力。
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