连续辨别过程中行为对比和诱导的一些局限性。
Some limitations on behavioral contrast and induction during successive discrimination.
作者信息
REYNOLDS G S
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jan;6(1):131-9. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-131.
A pigeon's rate of pecking on a red key, reinforced at a constant frequency, may be changed by increasing or decreasing the frequency of reinforcement of pecking on a successively presented green key. The changes in the rate of pecking on red, called interactions, are of two types: contrast, in which the changes in the rates of pecking on the two colors are in opposite directions; and, induction, in which the changes in the rates are in the same direction. In previous data, a change in the frequency of reinforcement associated with the green key produced a corresponding change in the rate of pecking the green key and an opposite change (contrast) in the rate of pecking on the red key. The present data suggest that the magnitude of contrast is very small if pecking on the red key is reinforced at a high enough frequency (about 40 reinforcements per hr in the present experiment). Also, given that interactions occur, induction rather than contrast may result from small changes in a low frequency of reinforcement associated with green.
以恒定频率强化时，鸽子在红色按键上的啄击速率，可能会因增加或降低在随后呈现的绿色按键上啄击的强化频率而改变。红色按键上啄击速率的变化，称为相互作用，有两种类型：对比，即两种颜色上啄击速率的变化方向相反；以及诱导，即速率变化方向相同。在先前的数据中，与绿色按键相关的强化频率变化，会使绿色按键的啄击速率产生相应变化，而红色按键的啄击速率则产生相反变化（对比）。目前的数据表明，如果在红色按键上的啄击以足够高的频率进行强化（在本实验中约为每小时40次强化），对比的幅度会非常小。此外，鉴于存在相互作用，与绿色相关的低强化频率的微小变化可能导致诱导而非对比。
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