Ofshe R J
Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1992 Jul;40(3):125-56. doi: 10.1080/00207149208409653.
Induction of a dissociative state followed by suggestion during interrogation caused a suspect to develop pseudo-memories of raping his daughters and of participation in a baby-murdering Satanic cult. The pseudo-memories coupled with influence from authority figures convinced him of his guilt for 6 months. During this time, the suspect, the witnesses, and all the evidence in the case were studied. No evidence supported an inference of guilt and substantial evidence supported the conclusion that no crime had been committed. An experiment demonstrated the suspect's extreme suggestibility. The conclusion reached was that the cult did not exist and the suspect's confessions were coerced-internalized false confessions. During the investigation, 2 psychologists diagnosed the suspect as suffering from a dissociative disorder similar to multiple personality. Both psychologists were predisposed to find Satanic cult activity. Each concluded that the disorder was due to "programming" by the non-existent Satanic cult.
在审讯过程中,诱导出一种分离状态,随后进行暗示,导致一名嫌疑人产生了强奸其女儿以及参与一个杀害婴儿的撒旦邪教组织的伪记忆。这些伪记忆加上权威人物的影响,使他在6个月的时间里都坚信自己有罪。在此期间,对嫌疑人、证人以及案件的所有证据都进行了研究。没有证据支持有罪的推断,大量证据支持没有犯罪发生的结论。一项实验证明了嫌疑人具有极强的易受暗示性。得出的结论是,该邪教组织并不存在,嫌疑人的供词是被迫内化的虚假供词。在调查过程中,两名心理学家诊断该嫌疑人患有类似于多重人格的分离性障碍。这两名心理学家都倾向于发现撒旦邪教组织的活动。他们各自得出结论,认为这种障碍是由不存在的撒旦邪教组织“编程”所致。