WALLACE A F
Science. 1962 Feb 2;135(3501):351-7. doi: 10.1126/science.135.3501.351.
Anthropologists are turning their attention to the cognitive structures which are basic to customary behavior in society (24). In general, these studies work to expose the abstract calculus underlying the specific content of behavior by the use of a symbolic notation and the application of available logical-mathematical models as hypotheses. Particular attention has been paid to the semantic analysis of folk taxonomies, such as kinship terminologies, but formal analysis of other aspects of culture, such as values, the program of behavior released in particular situations, and folk science, is also a promising area of work. The principles of the metacalculi to which the diverse cognitive structures of individuals sum in stable social systems are, then, to be regarded as principles of sociocultural organization itself.
人类学家正将注意力转向社会习俗行为所基于的认知结构（24）。总体而言，这些研究致力于通过使用符号表示法以及应用现有的逻辑数学模型作为假设，来揭示行为具体内容背后的抽象演算。人们特别关注民间分类法的语义分析，比如亲属称谓，但对文化其他方面的形式分析，如价值观、特定情境下释放的行为程序以及民间科学，也是一个很有前景的研究领域。在稳定的社会系统中，个体多样的认知结构所汇聚而成的元演算原则，应被视为社会文化组织本身的原则。
