Kunakorn M, Petchclai B, Liemsuwan C
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
J Med Assoc Thai. 1992 Jan;75 Suppl 1:282-7.
Physicians are aware of the congenital rubella syndrome. Serodiagnosis is usually used to detect rubella infection in pregnant women and their fetuses. Although being considered the cornerstone of serodiagnosis, the hemagglutination inhibition test is gradually being replaced by new more convenient methods. Tests to detect IgM eliminate the need for paired sera to diagnose acute rubella infection. However, because of the possibilities of false positive, IgM results should be interpreted with caution. Detection of IgM in cord blood and new genetic technology made the diagnosis of infection in utero possible. The evidence of reinfection in people considered to be immune is abundant; however, discovering new antigenic determinants correlating with immunity may solve the problem and a new vaccine and antibody test that is truly associated with immunity will be available in the future.
医生们了解先天性风疹综合征。血清学诊断通常用于检测孕妇及其胎儿的风疹感染。尽管血凝抑制试验被认为是血清学诊断的基石，但它正逐渐被更新的、更便捷的方法所取代。检测IgM的试验消除了诊断急性风疹感染时对双份血清的需求。然而，由于存在假阳性的可能性，IgM检测结果的解读应谨慎。脐血中IgM的检测以及新的基因技术使得子宫内感染的诊断成为可能。在被认为具有免疫力的人群中，再感染的证据很多；然而，发现与免疫力相关的新抗原决定簇可能会解决这个问题，未来将会有真正与免疫力相关的新型疫苗和抗体检测方法。
