Hoffman M D
Sports Performance and Technology Laboratory, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992 Sep;24(9):1023-32.
Since the popularization of ski skating, several investigations have compared the physiological responses of various cross-country skiing techniques. While this work is incomplete in fully characterizing the relative physiological demands of the different skiing techniques, some conclusions can be made. The diagonal stride technique is the least economical technique for skiing on flat ground. The magnitude of the difference in economy between the diagonal stride and skating techniques for skiing on flat terrain compares well with the 10-30% faster race velocities with the skating techniques. Nevertheless, it appears that the heart rates, blood lactate concentrations and perceived efforts elicited at a given oxygen uptake are similar between the diagonal stride and skating techniques. Therefore, the cardiorespiratory training benefits from classical skiing and ski skating should be similar if performed at the same heart rates or perceived efforts. Several studies have demonstrated that the double pole technique is the most economical cross-country skiing technique on flat terrain. Extended use of the double pole technique, however is probably limited by its greater anaerobic demands.
自从滑雪滑冰普及以来，已有多项研究比较了各种越野滑雪技术的生理反应。虽然这项工作在全面描述不同滑雪技术的相对生理需求方面并不完整，但仍可得出一些结论。对于在平地上滑雪，斜向滑行技术是最不经济的技术。在平坦地形上滑雪时，斜向滑行技术和滑冰技术在经济性上的差异程度，与滑冰技术快10%至30%的比赛速度相当。然而，在给定的摄氧量下，斜向滑行技术和滑冰技术引发的心率、血乳酸浓度和主观用力程度似乎相似。因此，如果以相同的心率或主观用力程度进行，传统滑雪和滑雪滑冰的心肺训练益处应该相似。多项研究表明，双杖技术是在平坦地形上最经济的越野滑雪技术。然而，双杖技术的广泛使用可能受到其更大的无氧需求的限制。
