Human Movement Science Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Jun;109(3):473-81. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1372-3. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
The present study investigated metabolic rate (MR) and gross efficiency (GE) at moderate and high work rates, and the relationships to gross kinematics and physical characteristics in elite cross-country skiers. Eight world class (WC) and eight national level (NL) male sprint cross-country skiers performed three 5-min stages using the skating G3 technique, whilst roller skiing on a treadmill. GE was calculated by dividing work rate by MR. Work rate was calculated as the sum of power against gravity and frictional rolling forces. MR was calculated using gas exchange and blood lactate values. Gross kinematics, i.e. cycle length (CL) and cycle rate (CR) were measured by video analysis. Furthermore, the skiers were tested for time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), and maximal speed (V(max)) on the treadmill, and maximal strength in the laboratory. Individual performance level in sprint skating was determined by FIS points. WC skiers did not differ in aerobic MR, but showed lower anaerobic MR and higher GE than NL skiers at a given speed (all P < 0.05). Moreover, WC skiers skated with longer CL and had higher V(max) and TTE (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study shows that WC skiers are more efficient than NL skiers, and it is proposed that this might be due to a better technique and to technique-specific power.
本研究调查了在中高工作率下的代谢率（MR）和总效率（GE），以及与精英越野滑雪运动员的总运动学和身体特征的关系。8 名世界级（WC）和 8 名国家级（NL）男性短距离越野滑雪运动员使用 G3 滑冰技术在跑步机上进行了 3 次 5 分钟的阶段，同时进行轮滑。GE 通过将工作率除以 MR 来计算。工作率的计算方法是将对抗重力和摩擦滚动力的功率相加。MR 通过气体交换和血液乳酸值来计算。总运动学，即周期长度（CL）和周期率（CR）通过视频分析进行测量。此外，还对滑雪者在跑步机上的疲劳时间（TTE）、最大摄氧量（VO(2peak)）和最大速度（V(max)）以及实验室中的最大力量进行了测试。短距离滑冰的个人表现水平由 FIS 点确定。WC 滑雪者在有氧 MR 方面没有差异，但在给定速度下，他们的无氧 MR 较低，GE 较高（均 P < 0.05）。此外，WC 滑雪者的 CL 更长，V(max)和 TTE 更高（均 P < 0.05）。总之，本研究表明 WC 滑雪者比 NL 滑雪者更有效率，这可能是由于技术更好和技术特异性功率更高。
