Jahnke V
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1977 Apr;56(4):305-12.
From the otolaryngologist's point of view, there are multiple causes for the frequent symptom of facial and head pain: headaches due to ear diseases: pain extending to the ear region, with special regard to "referred otalgia" involving the cranail nerves V, IX, X; facial pain due to temporomandibular dysfunction; rhinological causes of facial and head pain, including posttraumatic trigeminal neuralgia and "facial sympathalgies"; the syndrome of the elongated styloid process. The diagnosis and therapy of the "typical" ENT diseases is not described in detail since the paper deals mainly with less known and, regarding their diagnosis and treatment, problematic diseases.
从耳鼻喉科医生的角度来看，面部和头部频繁疼痛这一症状有多种成因：耳部疾病引发的头痛：疼痛延伸至耳部区域，尤其要关注涉及颅神经V、IX、X的“牵涉性耳痛”；颞下颌关节功能紊乱导致的面部疼痛；面部和头部疼痛的鼻科病因，包括创伤后三叉神经痛和“面部交感神经痛”；茎突过长综合征。本文主要探讨鲜为人知且在诊断和治疗方面存在问题的疾病，因此未详细描述“典型”耳鼻喉科疾病的诊断和治疗方法。
