Schrader A
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1977 Apr;56(4):287-97.
Recognizing that pain is not a sensory sensation, but a subjective feeling, the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological aspects are shortly discussed which are the prerequisites of pain as an original phenomenon in higher life. The subcortical feeling of pain is compared with the pain sensation which extends to large parts of the cortex. The experience of pain may be suppressed or increased by the cortex. Since pain as a subjective phenomenon cannot be objectivated directly, the pain analysis has to consider the history of the patient and particularly the anatomical and physiological basis. The clinical diagnosis of facial and head pain differentiates the various pain syndrome which as localized pain are usually caused by externally visible changes from those projected pain phenomena in genuine or symptomatic neuralgias as well as referred pain sensations (e.g. in intracranial or occipitocervical lesions).
认识到疼痛并非一种感觉，而是一种主观感受，接下来将简要讨论神经解剖学和神经生理学方面的内容，这些是疼痛作为高等生物原始现象的先决条件。将皮层下的疼痛感觉与延伸至大部分皮层的疼痛感觉进行比较。疼痛体验可能会被皮层抑制或增强。由于疼痛作为一种主观现象无法直接客观化，疼痛分析必须考虑患者的病史，尤其是解剖学和生理学基础。面部和头部疼痛的临床诊断将各种疼痛综合征区分开来，其中局部疼痛通常由外部可见变化引起，而真性或症状性神经痛中的投射性疼痛现象以及牵涉性疼痛感觉（如颅内或枕颈病变中的疼痛）则有所不同。
