Epstein L H, Caggiula A R, Perkins K A, Mitchell S L, Rodefer J S
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213.
Physiol Behav. 1992 Oct;52(4):641-6. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(92)90391-e.
Smokers typically gain weight after cessation due, in part, to increased caloric intake. This increase may be due to enhanced responding to sensory characteristics of foods resulting from a failure to habituate to food cues. To test this possibility, salivation to eight presentations of strawberry yogurt was assessed in male smokers and nonsmokers in two sessions. To test stimulus specificity, on the ninth trial, subjects were presented either more strawberry yogurt or lemon yogurt. Smokers were studied under nonabstinent or abstinent conditions. Salivation for nonabstinent smokers and nonsmokers decreased over presentations, while abstinent smokers showed little change. Nonabstinent smokers and nonsmokers recovered salivation when the new flavor yogurt was presented, and showed greater consumption on the final trial for the different versus same flavor yogurt. Nonabstinent smokers participated in additional within-session smoking sessions to control for withdrawal. Nonabstinent subjects were not different across smoking or not smoking sessions, suggesting the effects are not due to the acute effects of withdrawal.
吸烟者戒烟后通常会体重增加，部分原因是热量摄入增加。这种增加可能是由于未能适应食物线索，导致对食物感官特征的反应增强。为了验证这种可能性，在两个阶段对男性吸烟者和非吸烟者对八次草莓酸奶呈现的唾液分泌情况进行了评估。为了测试刺激特异性，在第九次试验中，向受试者呈现更多草莓酸奶或柠檬酸奶。吸烟者在非禁欲或禁欲条件下接受研究。非禁欲吸烟者和非吸烟者的唾液分泌量随着呈现次数的增加而减少，而禁欲吸烟者几乎没有变化。当呈现新口味酸奶时，非禁欲吸烟者和非吸烟者的唾液分泌量恢复，并且在不同口味与相同口味酸奶的最后一次试验中，他们的摄入量更大。非禁欲吸烟者在会话期间参加了额外的吸烟环节以控制戒断反应。非禁欲受试者在吸烟或不吸烟环节中没有差异，这表明这些影响不是由于戒断的急性效应。
