McCutcheon L E, Apperson J M, Hanson E, Wynn V
Department of Psychology, Northern Virginia Community College, Annandale 22003.
Psychol Rep. 1992 Oct;71(2):635-39. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1992.71.2.635.
Two groups of 60 students each were selected from introductory college psychology classes. One consisted of high academic achievers, the other of average achievers. They were given the McCutcheon Test of Misconceptions, a 65-item, multiple-choice test designed to measure common misconceptions about psychology. Subsequently, they were also given the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Both groups made many errors on the McCutcheon test, but high academic achievers made significantly fewer errors on both the McCutcheon test and the Watson-Glaser than average achievers. A stepwise multiple regression consisting of Watson-Glaser subscales 1 (the ability to draw valid inferences) and 4 (ability to weigh and interpret evidence) and GPA successfully predicted McCutcheon test scores (R = .43). This suggests that even beginning students with high grades and good critical thinking skills are likely to harbor many misconceptions about psychology.
从大学心理学入门课程中挑选出两组学生，每组60人。一组由学业成绩优异的学生组成，另一组由成绩中等的学生组成。他们接受了麦卡琴错误观念测试，这是一项有65道选择题的测试，旨在衡量对心理学的常见错误观念。随后，他们还接受了沃森-格拉泽批判性思维评估。两组学生在麦卡琴测试中都犯了很多错误，但学业成绩优异的学生在麦卡琴测试和沃森-格拉泽测试中犯的错误都明显少于成绩中等的学生。由沃森-格拉泽分量表1（做出有效推断的能力）和分量表4（权衡和解释证据的能力）以及平均绩点组成的逐步多元回归成功预测了麦卡琴测试成绩（R = 0.43）。这表明，即使是成绩优异且具备良好批判性思维能力的新生，也可能对心理学存在许多错误观念。
