Warburton D M, Rusted J M, Fowler J
Department of Psychology, University of Reading, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;108(4):443-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02247418.
Studies examining facilitation of human memory by the administration of nicotine have given equivocal results and it has been argued that the positive findings on memory may have resulted indirectly from an effect on attention, rather than from a direct effect on memory storage. This study compared the "attentional" and the "mnemonic" hypotheses directly, by using both immediate and delayed recall tasks in a verbal free recall study, in which volunteers smoked on a fixed regime during presentation of a 32 word list (namely, one puff after each of eight 4-word blocks). The serial position curve for immediate recall demonstrated a significant improvement on the later blocks of the list (an attentional effect) when volunteers smoked a nicotine-containing cigarette. However, improved performance was found for items at the beginning of the list on the delayed recall measure and this improvement was significant on the first block of 4 words. Since nicotine input had been taken after presentation of this information, the results demonstrate post-learning facilitation of memory by nicotine.
研究尼古丁给药对人类记忆的促进作用，结果并不明确。有人认为，记忆方面的积极发现可能并非直接源于对记忆存储的影响，而是间接源于对注意力的影响。本研究通过在一项言语自由回忆研究中使用即时回忆和延迟回忆任务，直接比较了“注意力”和“记忆”假设。在该研究中，志愿者在呈现32个单词列表（即每八个4词组中的每组之后吸一口烟）时，按照固定方式吸烟。即时回忆的系列位置曲线显示，当志愿者吸含尼古丁香烟时，列表后面的词组有显著改善（注意力效应）。然而，在延迟回忆测量中，列表开头的项目表现有所改善，且在第一个4词组中这种改善很显著。由于在呈现这些信息之后才摄入尼古丁，结果表明尼古丁对学习后的记忆有促进作用。
