Development of an animal model of late asthmatic response in guinea pigs and effects of anti-asthmatic drugs.

We developed an animal model of late asthmatic response (LAR) in guinea pigs and examined the effects of anti-asthmatic drugs and peptide leukotriene antagonist, MCI-826, on this model. Bronchial challenge of DNP-As (Dinitrophenylated-Ascaris suum extract)-sensitized guinea pigs induced a biphasic increase in pulmonary resistance (RL) with the maximal increase being observed immediately (IAR, immediate asthmatic response) and 3 to 5 hr after antigen inhalation (LAR). Twelve of 22 guinea pigs showed both IAR and LAR. The average increases in RL for all 22 guinea pigs at IAR and LAR, were 168 +/- 13 and 207 +/- 16 (% of baseline value), respectively. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of guinea pigs that received antigen, revealed increases in the numbers of eosinophils (7.3-fold compared to animals receiving saline) and neutrophils (5.3-fold compared to animals receiving saline) 4 hr after antigen inhalation. When DSCG (disodium cromoglycate) was administered (10 mg/kg, i.v.) before antigen challenge, DSCG significantly inhibited IAR (p less than 0.05) and slightly inhibited LAR (p less than 0.2). Theophylline (30 mg/kg, p.o.) administered before antigen, slightly inhibited both IAR and LAR (p less than 0.2). Salbutamol (3 mg/kg, i.p.) administered before antigen, significantly inhibited IAR (p less than 0.05), but did not affect LAR. These results were correlated with clinical trials. Moreover, peptide leukotriene antagonist, MCI-826, (E)-2,2-Diethyl-3'-[2-[2-(4- isopropyl)thiazolyl] ethenyl]succinanilic acid (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) administered 1 hr before antigen challenge, significantly inhibited both IAR and LAR (p less than 0.05). MCI-826 (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) administered 1.5 hr after antigen inhalation, also inhibited LAR (p less than 0.05). Analysis of BAL fluid revealed that DSCG and MCI-826 significantly inhibited the increase in eosinophils (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that leukotriene plays an important role in the development of the pathogenesis of LAR, and that our model is an useful experimental model for investigating the mechanisms of LAR and examining the effects of several anti-asthmatic drugs on LAR.