Prospective trial of supranormal values as goals of resuscitation in severe trauma.

We prospectively tested the effect of the early postinjury attainment of supranormal values of cardiac index (> or = 4.52 L/min per square meter), oxygen delivery (> or = 670 mL/min per square meter), and oxygen consumption (> or = 166 mL/min per square meter) on outcome in traumatized patients with an estimated blood loss of 2000 mL or more. The goals in control patients were to attain normal values for all hemodynamic measurements. During the 6-month period, 33 protocol patients and 34 control patients with similar vital signs, estimated blood losses, and severity of injuries were enrolled in the study. Eight (24%) protocol patients died, while 15 (44%) control patients died. The protocol patients had fewer mean (+/- SEM) organ failures per patient (0.76 +/- 1.21 vs 1.59 +/- 1.60), shorter stays in the intensive care unit (5 +/- 3 vs 12 +/- 12), and fewer mean days requiring ventilation (4 +/- 3 vs 11 +/- 10) than did the control patients (P < .05 for each). We conclude that attaining supranormal circulatory values improves survival and decreases morbidity in the severely traumatized patient.