HAYMAN M
Calif Med. 1964 Oct;101(4):266-71.
Historically, psychopharmaceutical agents have been used to produce a mystical state with the religious connotation of "a union with Divine Nature" or of "oneness with God." Such transcendental states are also known to occur in starvation, self-flagellation, Yoga and various psychoses.A common psychological origin is suggested for these states, in which there is a psychic regression to an early phase of development. This genetically is the phase wherein the infant is still united with the mother and has not yet established the boundaries between the "self" and the "not-self." In a subtler form, the desire to regress to this phase may be a universal yearning which affects the physician, the investigator and even the manufacturer of drugs. Accordingly, we have a profusion of tranquilizers, euphoriants and ataractics the prescription or the investigation of which may give vicarious pleasure and relief of tension to the physician and scientist by a process of identification with the person receiving the drug.Mankind's quest for psychic development is difficult and precarious, alternately marked by progression and regression. Excesses in the use of drugs are indicated as regressive in nature.
从历史上看,精神药物一直被用于产生一种具有“与神性合一”或“与上帝合一”宗教内涵的神秘状态。众所周知,在饥饿、自我鞭笞、瑜伽和各种精神病状态中也会出现这种超验状态。这些状态被认为有一个共同的心理起源,即心理退行到早期发展阶段。从遗传学角度来看,这个阶段是婴儿仍与母亲融为一体,尚未在“自我”和“非自我”之间建立界限的阶段。以一种更微妙的形式,退行到这个阶段的欲望可能是一种普遍的渴望,它影响着医生、研究者甚至药物制造商。因此,我们有大量的镇静剂、欣快剂和安定药,对它们的处方或研究可能会通过与接受药物者的认同过程,给医生和科学家带来替代性的愉悦和紧张缓解。人类对心理发展的追求艰难且不稳定,交替地以进步和退行为特征。药物使用的过度本质上被认为是退行性的。