Sullivan T J
J Nurs Educ. 1977 Mar;16(3):25-34.
Learning system design, based on general systems theory, is a powerful facilitator for planning and implementing programs of curriculum and instruction. Curriculum planners are directed to a practical consideration of all systems components, and an awareness of their interrelatedness. Specifically they must deal with: Problem areas or barriers to success; the need to define and choose explicit outcomes; ways to make the curriculum operational; and a specific plan for program assessment. The systems process is value free and content free. Values are generated as content is selected and fitted into the system components. Therefore the system input is a crucial factor in the quality of the system. I have attempted to share some aspects of systems methodology which were very useful in the experience of designing a program for the education of gerontological nurse practitioners.
基于一般系统理论的学习系统设计，是规划和实施课程与教学计划的有力促进因素。课程规划者被引导去切实考虑所有系统组件，并认识到它们的相互关联性。具体而言，他们必须处理以下方面：问题领域或成功的障碍；定义和选择明确成果的必要性；使课程得以实施的方法；以及项目评估的具体计划。系统过程不涉及价值判断和具体内容。当内容被选择并融入系统组件时，价值便产生了。因此，系统输入是影响系统质量的关键因素。我试图分享一些系统方法论的方面，这些方面在为老年护理从业者设计教育项目的过程中非常有用。
