SANDLER J
J Exp Anal Behav. 1964 Nov;7(6):409-14. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1964.7-409.
Three hooded rats were trained to bar press for variable-ratio liquid reinforcement after which an electric shock was delivered following the response. Initially, the shock was presented on a FR 100 basis but the frequency was gradually increased until all responses were punished. Finally, a partial extinction procedure was conducted to determine if the shock resulted in increased bar pressing. No durable suppression of responding occurred, although one subject's rate was reduced during continuous shock. The overall trend for the three animals was one of increased responding. Changes in the pattern of responding were also observed suggesting that the suppressive effects of the punishment were largely restricted to the first response following reinforcement. Increased responding as a function of shock reintroduction during extinction was also observed.
三只戴帽大鼠经过训练，通过按压杠杆获取可变比率的液体强化物，之后在每次反应后给予电击。最初，电击以固定比率100的方式呈现，但频率逐渐增加，直到所有反应都受到惩罚。最后，进行了部分消退程序，以确定电击是否导致按压杠杆行为增加。尽管在持续电击期间，有一只大鼠的反应率有所降低，但并未出现对反应的持久抑制。三只动物的总体趋势是反应增加。还观察到反应模式的变化，这表明惩罚的抑制作用主要限于强化后的首次反应。在消退过程中，随着电击的重新引入，反应增加的情况也被观察到。
