Kaskutas L, Greenfield T K
Alcohol Research Group, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, Berkeley, CA 94709-2176.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1992 Oct;31(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(92)90002-t.
Health warning labels are now required on alcoholic beverage containers in the United States. This study addresses who has seen these labels and respondents' reported changes in relevant knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Random samples of adults in the general population of the United States were interviewed by telephone 6 months prior to and 6 months after the enactment in November 1989 of the warning label law (N = 2006 and 2000, respectively). Six months after introduction of warning labels, over one fifth of the respondents reported having seen the labels. Greater proportions of key target groups, such as heavy drinkers and young men at risk for drunk driving, reported seeing the warnings. No statistically significant changes in knowledge of the health risks included on the labels were detected, but we found that knowledge levels for two non-included potential warnings had declined somewhat. After controlling for demographics and alcohol consumption, respondents who probably saw the warning labels were significantly more likely to report several behaviors indicative of heightened awareness of, and caution regarding, the hazard of drinking and driving and of drinking during pregnancy, hazards that are both included on the warning labels.
美国现在要求在酒精饮料容器上张贴健康警示标签。本研究探讨了哪些人看到了这些标签，以及受访者报告的在相关知识、态度和行为方面的变化。在1989年11月警示标签法颁布前6个月和颁布后6个月，通过电话采访了美国普通人群中的成年人随机样本（分别为N = 2006和2000）。在引入警示标签6个月后，超过五分之一的受访者报告称看到过这些标签。更大比例的关键目标群体，如酗酒者和有酒后驾车风险的年轻男性，报告称看到了这些警示。在标签上所包含的健康风险知识方面未检测到具有统计学意义的变化，但我们发现对于两个未包含的潜在警示的知晓水平有所下降。在控制了人口统计学特征和酒精消费量之后，可能看到警示标签的受访者更有可能报告一些行为，这些行为表明他们对酒后驾车和孕期饮酒的危害有更高的认识并更加谨慎，而这些危害都包含在警示标签上。
