Ackerman P L
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
J Appl Psychol. 1992 Oct;77(5):598-614. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.598.
Substantial controversy exists about ability determinants of individual differences in performance during and subsequent to skill acquisition. This investigation addresses the controversy. An information-processing examination of ability-performance relations during complex task acquisition is described. Included are ability testing (including general, reasoning, spatial, perceptual speed, and perceptual/psychomotor abilities) and skill acquisition over practice on the terminal radar approach controller simulation. Results validate and extend Ackerman's (1988) theory of cognitive ability determinants of individual differences in skill acquisition. Benefits of ability component and task component analyses over global analyses of ability-skill relations are demonstrated. Implications are discussed for selection instruments to predict air traffic controller success and for other tasks with inconsistent information-processing demands.
关于技能习得过程中及之后个体表现差异的能力决定因素存在大量争议。本研究旨在解决这一争议。文中描述了对复杂任务习得过程中能力与表现关系的信息处理检验。内容包括能力测试（包括一般能力、推理能力、空间能力、感知速度以及感知/心理运动能力）以及在终端雷达进近管制员模拟练习中的技能习得。研究结果验证并扩展了阿克曼（1988年）关于技能习得中个体差异的认知能力决定因素的理论。证明了能力成分和任务成分分析相对于能力 - 技能关系整体分析的优势。讨论了这些结果对预测空中交通管制员成功的选拔工具以及对其他具有不一致信息处理要求的任务的启示。
