Synaptic interactions among neurons that coordinate swimmeret and abdominal movements in the crayfish.

1. Many interneurons in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) abdominal nervous system influence two behaviors, abdominal positioning and swimmeret movements. Such neurons are referred to as dual output cells. Other neurons which influence either one behavior or the other are single output cells. 2. Extensive synaptic interactions were observed between both dual and single output neurons involved in the control of abdominal positioning and swimmeret movements. Over 60% of all neuron pairs examined displayed interactions. Pairs of agonist neurons displayed excitatory interactions, while pairs of antagonists had inhibitory interactions. This pattern of interaction was observed in about 75% of interactive neuron pairs whether abdominal positioning or swimmeret outputs were considered. 3. Evidence for both serial and parallel connectivity, as well as, reciprocal or looping connections was observed. Looping connections can be found both between the abdominal positioning and swimmeret systems and within each system. 4. Most (28/34) single output neurons were not presynaptic to dual output neurons. No single output neurons were found to excite dual output neurons to spiking, although inhibitory interactions and weak excitations were observed. 5. Abdominal positioning inhibitors displayed properties consistent with a role in mediating some of the coordination between the swimmeret and abdominal positioning systems. 6. None of the dual output neurons examined influenced the swimmeret motoneurons directly.