Imai K
Department of Physicochemical Physiology, Osaka University Medical School.
Nihon Rinsho. 1992 Sep;50(9):2082-7.
The physiological functions of the red cell are oxygen transport, facilitation of carbon dioxide transport and control of acid-base equilibrium in the blood. The last function is closely related to the first two, which are cooperative to each other. The oxygen transport by red cells is characterized by high efficiency and regulation, which depend on allosteric properties of hemoglobin. The CO2 transport in the form of bicarbonate is also facilitated by the buffer action and the Haldane effect of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the major buffer system in the red cell. Its buffer power is strengthen through the Haldane effect. Carbonic anhydrase in red cell, together with band 3 protein in the membrane which facilitates the Cl-/HCO3- exchange across membrane, allows the conversion between CO2 and HCO3- and the buffering of carbonic acid to occur in a time scale of blood circulation.
红细胞的生理功能包括氧气运输、促进二氧化碳运输以及控制血液中的酸碱平衡。最后一项功能与前两项密切相关，前两项功能相互协作。红细胞的氧气运输具有高效性和可调节性，这取决于血红蛋白的变构特性。以碳酸氢盐形式进行的二氧化碳运输也因血红蛋白的缓冲作用和哈氏效应而得到促进。血红蛋白是红细胞中的主要缓冲系统。其缓冲能力通过哈氏效应得以增强。红细胞中的碳酸酐酶与细胞膜上促进Cl-/HCO3-跨膜交换的带3蛋白一起，使得二氧化碳与碳酸氢根之间的转化以及碳酸的缓冲作用能够在血液循环的时间尺度内发生。
