Lehman S M, Lessnau R G
Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899.
Lab Anim Sci. 1992 Aug;42(4):392-7.
Two breeding groups of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) housed in outdoor enclosures on Key Lois island were observed for 84 hours. Instantaneous scan sampling of a focal animal was used to gather data to test hypotheses concerning frequencies of agonistic and affiliative behaviors as well as differential use of pickle barrels as enrichment objects. Type of barrel used, behavior, and age/sex class of the animal were noted. Barrels were arranged three ways: unattached, on a swivel, and stationary. The behaviors of animals in an enriched environment were compared with control condition animals, which did not have pickle barrels. Animals in an enriched environment accounted for 60.8% (n = 56) of total affiliative contact, 62.2% (n = 399) of total social grooming, and 26% (n = 5) of total agonistic noncontact. A total of 134 scans of barrel use were observed. Analyses of the data showed that swivel and stationary barrels were used the most (55% of all scans of barrel use). Yearlings, juvenile females, and old males used barrels most often (82.8% of all scans of barrel use), although they constituted only 39% of the enriched environment population. In this study, pickle barrels provided enrichment for young and old animals of both sexes.
对生活在基洛伊斯岛户外围栏中的两组恒河猴（猕猴）进行了84小时的观察。采用对焦点动物的即时扫描取样来收集数据，以检验有关攻击性行为和亲和行为频率的假设，以及将腌菜桶作为丰富环境物品的不同使用情况。记录使用的桶的类型、行为以及动物的年龄/性别类别。桶有三种摆放方式：无固定、可旋转和固定。将处于丰富环境中的动物的行为与没有腌菜桶的对照条件下的动物进行比较。处于丰富环境中的动物占亲和接触总数的60.8%（n = 56）、社会梳理总数的62.2%（n = 399）以及攻击非接触总数的26%（n = 5）。共观察到134次使用桶的扫描情况。数据分析表明，可旋转桶和固定桶使用最为频繁（占所有桶使用扫描的55%）。一岁幼猴、幼年雌性和老年雄性最常使用桶（占所有桶使用扫描的82.8%），尽管它们仅占丰富环境种群的39%。在本研究中，腌菜桶为不同年龄和性别的动物提供了丰富环境。
