Evans P M, Craig J C, Rinker M A
Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR 97301.
Percept Psychophys. 1992 Nov;52(5):571-81. doi: 10.3758/bf03206719.
Previous research has shown that subjects appear unable to restrict processing to a single finger and ignore a stimulus presented to an adjacent finger. Furthermore, the evidence suggests that, at least for moving stimuli, an adjacent nontarget is fully processed to the level of incipient response activation. The present study replicated and expanded upon these original findings. The results of Experiment 1 showed that an equally large response-competition effect occurred when the nontarget was presented to adjacent and nonadjacent fingers (on the same hand). The results of Experiment 2 showed that the effects observed in Experiment 1 (and in previous studies) were also obtained with stationary stimuli. Although small, there was some indication in the results of Experiment 2 that interference may dissipate more rapidly with distance with stationary stimuli. An additional finding was that interference effects were observed in both experiments with temporal separations between the target and nontarget of up to 100 msec. In Experiment 3, target and nontarget stimuli were presented to opposite hands. Although reduced, interference was still evident with target and nontarget stimuli presented to opposite hands. Varying the physical distance between hands did not produce any change in the amount of interference. The results suggest that the focus of attention on the skin extends nearly undiminished across the fingers of one hand and is not dependent upon the physical distance between sites of stimulation.
先前的研究表明，受试者似乎无法将处理过程局限于单个手指，而忽略呈现给相邻手指的刺激。此外，有证据表明，至少对于移动刺激而言，相邻的非目标刺激会被完整处理至初始反应激活的水平。本研究重复并扩展了这些原始发现。实验1的结果表明，当非目标刺激呈现给相邻手指和不相邻手指（同一只手）时，会产生同样大的反应竞争效应。实验2的结果表明，实验1（以及先前的研究）中观察到的效应在静止刺激下也能得到。虽然效应较小，但实验2的结果有一些迹象表明，对于静止刺激，干扰可能会随着距离增加而更快地消散。另一个发现是，在两个实验中，当目标刺激和非目标刺激的时间间隔长达100毫秒时，都观察到了干扰效应。在实验3中，目标刺激和非目标刺激呈现给相反的手。虽然干扰有所减弱，但当目标刺激和非目标刺激呈现给相反的手时，干扰仍然明显。改变双手之间的实际距离并没有使干扰量产生任何变化。结果表明，皮肤上的注意力焦点在一只手的手指间几乎没有减弱地延伸，并且不依赖于刺激部位之间的实际距离。
