Weeks D L
School of Physical Education, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1992 Dec;63(4):373-80. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1992.10608759.
This study contrasted prepractice modeling with either the perceptual component (perceptual modeling) or the motor component (movement pattern) of a coincident-timing task to determine whether experiencing the modalities singly or in combination enhanced timing performance on initiation of active practice. The motor component was a 60-cm right-to-left arm movement coincident with the illumination of lights on a Bassin timer runway to displace a barrier as the final runway light was illuminated. Four groups were compared (n = 12 per group). A perceptual modeling group passively viewed stimulus runway lights prior to attempting the task. A motoric modeling group viewed a videotape prior to practice of a model performing the motor component of the skill with zero timing error. A perceptual modeling plus motoric modeling group experienced both modeling modalities prior to performance. Finally, a no modeling group simply initiated practice on the task without modeling. Results indicated that the groups experiencing perceptual modeling initiated practice with significantly less average timing error and variability. Thus, perceptual modeling appeared to be at least as important as motoric modeling as a source of prepractice information to make available to a learner to optimize coincident-timing skill acquisition.
本研究将练习前的示范与同步计时任务的感知成分（感知示范）或运动成分（运动模式）进行对比，以确定单独体验或组合体验这些方式是否能在主动练习开始时提高计时表现。运动成分是一次从右至左的60厘米手臂移动，与巴辛定时器跑道上灯光的亮起同步，以便在跑道最后一盏灯亮起时推开一个障碍物。研究对比了四组（每组n = 12）。一个感知示范组在尝试任务前被动观看刺激跑道灯光。一个运动示范组在练习前观看一段录像，录像内容是一个模型以零计时误差执行该技能的运动成分。一个感知示范加运动示范组在执行任务前体验了两种示范方式。最后，一个无示范组只是直接开始任务练习，没有进行示范。结果表明，经历感知示范的组在开始练习时平均计时误差和变异性显著更小。因此，作为一种练习前信息来源，感知示范对于学习者优化同步计时技能习得而言，似乎至少与运动示范同样重要。
