Kähn W, Palmer J, Vaala W
New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania.
Tierarztl Prax. 1992 Oct;20(5):492-502.
Various techniques for support and control of respiration in neonatal foals are described. It is crucial to evaluate respiration through frequent arterial blood gas analysis. Details for blood sampling from the metatarsal arteries and interpretation of results are provided. Typical diseases in newborn foals, which cause hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia and can be indications for respiratory support are apnea, hypopnea, pulmonary atelectasis, surfactant deficiency, meconium-, fetal fluid- and milk aspiration, maladjustment syndrome, cardiovascular abnormalities, anemia, airway obstruction, compromised lung expansion, increased abdominal pressure and pneumonias. Oxygen insufflation can be delivered through an intranasal tube. Positive pressure ventilation is best accomplished via an endotracheal tube. A nasogastric tube is inserted for enteral nutrition, application of drugs and checking for gastric reflux. Details for insertion of endotracheal and nasogastric tubes are given. Positive pressure ventilation can be achieved by manual ventilation with a rebreathing resp. resuscitator bag and mechanical ventilation with a respirator. Management and control of mechanical ventilation as well as intensive care and monitoring of foals are described.
本文描述了新生马驹呼吸支持与控制的各种技术。通过频繁的动脉血气分析评估呼吸至关重要。文中提供了从跖动脉采血的详细方法及结果解读。新生马驹中导致低氧血症和/或高碳酸血症且可作为呼吸支持指征的典型疾病有呼吸暂停、呼吸浅慢、肺不张、表面活性剂缺乏、胎粪吸入、羊水吸入、乳汁吸入、适应综合征、心血管异常、贫血、气道梗阻、肺扩张受限、腹压增加和肺炎。氧气可通过鼻内导管输入。正压通气最好通过气管内导管进行。插入鼻胃管用于肠内营养、给药及检查胃反流情况。文中给出了气管内导管和鼻胃管插入的详细方法。正压通气可通过使用再呼吸式或复苏袋进行手动通气以及使用呼吸机进行机械通气来实现。文中还描述了机械通气的管理与控制以及马驹的重症监护和监测。
