Bonfante-Garrido R, Meléndez E, Barroeta S, de Alejos M A, Momen H, Cupolillo E, McMahon-Pratt D, Grimaldi G
Seccion de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Centro Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Mar-Apr;86(2):141-8. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90544-m.
Between 1975 and 1987, epidemiological studies were carried out in several rural and urban communities in the central part of western Venezuela, especially in the state of Lara. 115 positive cultures were obtained from human cases and identified by their reactivity patterns to a cross-panel of specific monoclonal antibodies using a radioimmune binding assay; 53 were Leishmania venezuelensis and 62 were L. braziliensis. Most of these stocks were also characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis, which confirmed the identification of the L. venezuelensis isolates. The enzyme electrophoretic profiles of the L. braziliensis isolates, however, revealed two populations with distinct electromorphs, one related to the World Health Organization L. braziliensis reference strain while the other population appeared to be a hybrid between L. braziliensis and L. guyanensis. L. braziliensis variants showed the widest geographical distribution, and were found in 7 states: Districto Federal (Caracas); Lara (Barquisimeto, Crespo, Iribarren, Jimenez, Morán, Palavecino, Torres, Urdaneta); Nueva Esparta (Margarita); Portuguesa (Las Cruces, Rio Amarillo); Trujillo (Cuicas); Yaracuy (Agua Fria, Cambural, Guaremal); and Zulia (Zipa-Yare). L. venezuelensis was found in the following endemic regions: Lara (Barquisimeto, Iribarren, Jimenez, Morán); Merida (Zéa); and Yaracuy (Campos Elias), showing that this parasite has a much wider geographical distribution than was initially recognized and that both these species can occur simultaneously within the same endemic region. Five isolates of L. braziliensis were made from infected donkeys (Equus asinus) in Urdaneta, Lara State, suggesting a possible domestic reservoir of L. braziliensis.
1975年至1987年间，在委内瑞拉西部中部的几个农村和城市社区开展了流行病学研究，尤其是在拉腊州。从人类病例中获得了115份阳性培养物，并通过放射免疫结合试验，根据它们对一组特异性单克隆抗体的反应模式进行鉴定；其中53份为委内瑞拉利什曼原虫，62份为巴西利什曼原虫。这些菌株中的大多数也通过同工酶电泳进行了特征分析，这证实了委内瑞拉利什曼原虫分离株的鉴定结果。然而，巴西利什曼原虫分离株的酶电泳图谱显示出两个具有不同电泳形态的群体，一个与世界卫生组织的巴西利什曼原虫参考菌株相关，而另一个群体似乎是巴西利什曼原虫和圭亚那利什曼原虫之间的杂交种。巴西利什曼原虫变种的地理分布最广，在7个州被发现：联邦区（加拉加斯）；拉腊州（巴基西梅托、克雷斯波、伊里巴伦、希门尼斯、莫兰、帕拉韦西诺、托雷斯、乌尔达内塔）；新埃斯帕塔州（马加里塔岛）；葡萄牙萨州（拉斯克鲁塞斯、里奥阿马里洛）；特鲁希略州（奎卡斯）；亚拉库伊州（阿瓜弗里亚、坎布拉尔、瓜雷马尔）；以及苏利亚州（齐帕-亚雷）。委内瑞拉利什曼原虫在以下流行地区被发现：拉腊州（巴基西梅托、伊里巴伦、希门尼斯、莫兰）；梅里达州（塞亚）；以及亚拉库伊州（坎波斯·埃利亚斯），这表明这种寄生虫的地理分布比最初认为的要广泛得多，并且这两个物种可以在同一流行地区同时出现。在拉腊州乌尔达内塔，从受感染的驴（ Equus asinus ）身上分离出了5株巴西利什曼原虫，这表明巴西利什曼原虫可能存在家养宿主。
