Suruda A, Smith L
Surveillance and Field Investigations Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888.
J Occup Med. 1992 Sep;34(9):887-92.
Portable power tools and appliances can be identified as the source of injury in approximately 9% of occupational electrocutions. A search of fatality records for 1984 through 1986 in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) data bases identified 102 electrocutions involving portable appliances and tools that used 110-volt AC and 33 deaths involving welding equipment, which usually operates on 220-volt AC or higher. Of these 102 deaths, 51 occurred in the construction industry, 13 in services, 13 in manufacturing, and 25 in other industries. Plumbing contractors (Standard Industrial Classification [SIC] 1711) had the largest number of deaths (15) in construction. Powered hand-tools were involved in 58 deaths, with electric drills (23) and saws (13) the two largest classes. Proper provision of ground-fault circuit interrupter protection, particularly at temporary work sites, could have prevented most of the deaths from 110-volt AC. Engineering controls for preventing electrocution from portable arc-welding equipment should be evaluated.
在约9%的职业触电事故中，便携式电动工具和电器可被认定为致伤源。对美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）和职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）数据库中1984年至1986年的死亡记录进行检索后发现，有102起触电事故涉及使用110伏交流电的便携式电器和工具，还有33起死亡事故涉及通常使用220伏交流电或更高电压的焊接设备。在这102起死亡事故中，51起发生在建筑业，13起在服务业，13起在制造业，25起在其他行业。管道承包商（标准产业分类[SIC]1711）在建筑业中的死亡人数最多（15人）。电动手动工具导致了58起死亡事故，其中电钻（23起）和电锯（13起）是数量最多的两类。特别是在临时工作场所，适当配备接地故障电路中断保护装置本可以预防大部分由110伏交流电导致的死亡事故。应评估预防便携式弧焊设备触电的工程控制措施。
