Baĭmusaev A B, Sydykov Kh S
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk). 1977 Sep-Oct;23(5):21-4.
Iodine deficiency in the external environment served as the main etiological factor of endemic goiter. Low iodine content in the soil (1.8-390 mg/kg) undoubtedly served as the cause of endemic goiter development. Water from the sources of the Martuksk district contained iodine in low concentration. Soils of the Martuksk district are characterized by an acute deficiency of mobile manganese. Manganese concentration in the arable soil layer (16.9-75.4 mg/kg) was regarded as reduced, this being characteristic of the foci of goiter endemia. Water manganese content (from 66 to 186 microgram/1, 99.45 +/- 10.6 microgram/1, on the average) was below the maximal permissible concentrations indicated in the International standard for drinking water. Iodine, manganese content in the soil, food products and in the water of the Martuksk district of the Aktyubinsk region indicated a reverse relationship between iodine and manganese content and the extent of endemic goiter spread.
外部环境中的碘缺乏是地方性甲状腺肿的主要病因。土壤中碘含量低（1.8 - 390毫克/千克）无疑是地方性甲状腺肿发病的原因。马尔图克斯克区水源中的水碘浓度较低。马尔图克斯克区的土壤以速效锰严重缺乏为特征。耕地土壤层中的锰浓度（16.9 - 75.4毫克/千克）被认为是降低的，这是甲状腺肿病区的特征。水中锰含量（66至186微克/升，平均为99.45±10.6微克/升）低于国际饮用水标准规定的最大允许浓度。阿克纠宾斯克州马尔图克斯克区土壤、食品和水中的碘、锰含量表明，碘和锰含量与地方性甲状腺肿的蔓延程度呈负相关。
