Neff J A, Hoppe S K
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7792.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1992 May;27(3):293-308.
The relationship between acculturation, generational status/nativity and drinking patterns is examined using data from a 1988 community survey of 1286 adult regular drinkers (at least two drinks/month) in San Antonio, Texas. This sample includes 412 Anglo, 239 Black, and 635 Mexican American respondents, with Mexican Americans further classified into high, medium, and low acculturation groups using a language-use-based acculturation measure. This data set allows comparisons between racial/ethnic majority and minority groups with further comparisons between Black and Mexican American subgroups. These racial/ethnic and acculturation level comparisons highlight the effects of minority status and cultural differences between groups with regard to drinking patterns. Overall, the analyses indicate little evidence to support an 'acculturation stress' model of alcohol use, wherein the stresses of acculturation produce higher levels of alcohol consumption among moderately or higher acculturation groups. Generally, in our data, quantity and frequency consumption was somewhat higher among the least acculturated males and moderately acculturated females. Further analyses by generational status indicate heavier consumption patterns among second-generation individuals, especially among the less acculturated, though those differences were eliminated by controls. The findings highlight inadequacies of using generational status/nativity measures alone to assess acculturation level. Further, joint effects of acculturation level and generational status suggest the viability of a cultural marginality model of acculturation, though many of the effects of acculturation and generational status are explained by demographic and psychosocial factors.
利用1988年对得克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市1286名成年常饮酒者（每月至少饮用两杯）进行的社区调查数据，研究了文化适应、代际状况/出生地与饮酒模式之间的关系。该样本包括412名盎格鲁人、239名黑人以及635名墨西哥裔美国人受访者，其中墨西哥裔美国人使用基于语言使用的文化适应测量方法进一步分为高、中、低文化适应组。该数据集允许对种族/族裔多数群体和少数群体进行比较，并对黑人和墨西哥裔美国人亚组进行进一步比较。这些种族/族裔和文化适应水平的比较突出了少数群体地位和群体间文化差异对饮酒模式的影响。总体而言，分析几乎没有证据支持酒精使用的“文化适应压力”模型，即在该模型中，文化适应的压力会导致中等或更高文化适应组的酒精消费量更高。一般来说，在我们的数据中，文化适应程度最低的男性和文化适应程度中等的女性的饮酒量和饮酒频率略高。按代际状况进行的进一步分析表明，第二代个体的饮酒模式更为严重，尤其是在文化适应程度较低的个体中，不过这些差异在进行控制后被消除了。研究结果突出了仅使用代际状况/出生地测量方法来评估文化适应水平的不足之处。此外，文化适应水平和代际状况的联合效应表明了文化适应的文化边缘化模型的可行性，尽管文化适应和代际状况的许多效应可以由人口统计学和心理社会因素来解释。
