Lusk Sally L, Ronis David L, Kazanis Anamaria S, Eakin Brenda L, Hong OiSaeng, Raymond Delbert M
School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0482, USA.
Nurs Res. 2003 Sep-Oct;52(5):289-95. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200309000-00003.
In the United States it is estimated that more than 30 million workers are exposed to harmful levels of noise on the job. When engineering or administrative controls cannot be used to reduce noise, workers should always use hearing protection devices (HPDs) when exposed to loud noise to prevent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Previous research has shown that workers do not always use HPDs when required; therefore, it is essential that workers assume personal responsibility for preventing NIHL by increasing their use of HPDs.
This study tested the effectiveness of an individually tailored multimedia intervention to increase use of HPDs by factory workers.
A randomized controlled design was used to compare the effects of a tailored intervention (n= 446) with two other interventions (a nontailored predictor-based intervention (n= 447) and a control intervention (n= 432)) on workers' self-reported use of HPDs 6 to 18 months following the intervention.
Only those workers receiving the tailored intervention significantly increased their use of HPDs from pretest to posttest. However, this increase significantly differed from the nontailored group but not from the control group.
Individually-tailored interventions offer promise for changing behavior. In light of the similarity between the results for the tailored intervention and the control intervention groups, further research is needed to understand barriers to HPD use and how to maximize the benefits of individually tailored interventions in this setting.
在美国，据估计超过3000万工人在工作中暴露于有害水平的噪音中。当工程或管理控制措施无法用于降低噪音时，工人在暴露于高强度噪音时应始终使用听力保护装置（HPD），以预防噪音性听力损失（NIHL）。先前的研究表明，工人并非总是在需要时使用HPD；因此，工人必须通过增加HPD的使用来承担预防NIHL的个人责任。
本研究测试了一种针对个体定制的多媒体干预措施对增加工厂工人使用HPD的有效性。
采用随机对照设计，比较了定制干预措施（n = 446）与其他两种干预措施（基于预测因素的非定制干预措施（n = 447）和对照干预措施（n = 432））对干预后6至18个月工人自我报告的HPD使用情况的影响。
只有接受定制干预的工人在预测试到后测试期间显著增加了HPD的使用。然而，这种增加与非定制组有显著差异，但与对照组没有显著差异。
针对个体定制的干预措施有望改变行为。鉴于定制干预组和对照干预组结果的相似性，需要进一步研究以了解HPD使用的障碍以及如何在此环境中最大限度地发挥针对个体定制干预措施的益处。
